Contents
- What are HJT Solar Panels?
- What are the Advantages of HJT Solar Cell Technology?
- What are the Technical Advantages of HJT Compared to PERC and TOPCon?
- In What Scenarios are HJT Solar Panels More Suitable?
What Are HJT Solar Panels?
HJT solar panels, also recognized as Silicon heterojunctions (SHJ) or Heterojunction with Intrinsic Thin Layer (HIT) panels, utilize a composition of HJT solar cells. These cells are a blend of crystalline silicon and thin-film technology benefits. Constructed from an N-type monocrystalline silicon base, they feature undoped amorphous silicon layers (i-a-Si:H) on their surface. This distinctive configuration boosts their performance and efficiency, leading to their assembly into solar panels for various uses.
The architecture of HJT cells typically includes these essential components:
N-type Monocrystalline Silicon Substrate: Serving as the foundation of HJT panels, this N-type monocrystalline silicon wafer is distinguished by its electron majority carriers, known for higher carrier mobility and reduced light-induced degradation (LID).
Intrinsic Amorphous Silicon Layer: Surrounding the monocrystalline silicon wafer, this undoped (intrinsic) amorphous silicon layer functions as a passivation layer. It effectively diminishes surface defects on the silicon wafer, thereby curtailing the recombination of charge carriers.
Doped Amorphous Silicon Layers: Flanking the intrinsic layers are P-type and N-type amorphous silicon layers. Doping these layers (introducing trace elements) alters their conductivity. This process creates a P-N junction, pivotal for solar cell energy generation.
Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) Layer: A layer of TCO material, such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), coats the cell's surface. It's selected for its excellent light transmittance and electrical conductivity.
Metal Electrodes: Thin metal electrodes are placed at the top and bottom of the cell to draw out current, designed slim to minimize sunlight blockage.
What are the Advantages of HJT Solar Cell Technology?
210mm High-Efficiency Cells
HJT solar cells, using 210mm high-efficiency cells, incorporate a Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) film that passivates interface defects between crystalline silicon and doped amorphous silicon. This results in a remarkable photoelectric conversion efficiency of 25%. The design of HJT cells features an increased quantity of slender busbars, which effectively diminishes shadowing and shortens current transmission pathways. This leads to reduced resistance, improved current collection, and, ultimately, heightened power generation efficiency. The presence of multiple ultra-fine busbars also lessens the likelihood of micro-cracks and busbar breakage, enhancing the cells' flexibility and dependability.
High Bifacial Rate
HJT solar cells are distinguished by their symmetrically structured fronts and backs, coupled with mesh plates, significantly enhancing their bifacial electricity generation capability. They achieve over 95% power generation efficiency on the rear side, substantially boosting overall energy output. The innovative transparent dual-glass design allows light to penetrate through cell gaps, thus increasing rear-side electricity generation and investment returns. This dual-sided power generation is particularly advantageous for uses like fences, carports, and canopies. In comparison to PERC and TopCon technologies, HJT cells with high bifacial rates can produce over 30% more power, making them highly effective for installations where both sides of the panel receive sunlight, optimizing energy collection.
Excellent Low-Light Performance
HJT cells integrate i-a-SiH thin films between crystalline silicon and doped amorphous silicon. The undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon layer (i-a-Si:H) passivates surface defects on the crystalline silicon, reducing charge carrier recombination at the interface. This enhances the open-circuit voltage (Voc), reaching up to 750mV. The increased Voc allows for higher voltage output in low-light conditions, enabling inverters to start up quicker and extending electricity generation times into early morning and late evening, thus maximizing daily energy production.
Low Temperature Coefficient
In the typically warm and sunny European summer conditions, Heterojunction (HJT) solar panels emerge as the optimal choice. Their low temperature coefficient, at -0.24%/°C, which is more favorable than those of PERC and TOPCon cells, guarantees consistent and efficient power generation even at elevated temperatures. This quality renders HJT solar panels particularly suitable for the summer months in Europe, a time when maximizing solar energy efficiency is paramount. Their reduced power loss in hot environments underscores their durability and dependability, making them a highly recommended option for solar energy systems across Europe's diverse summer climates. For further insights into the temperature coefficient of solar panels, you can read more by following the link provided in the article!
Low Degradation
HJT cells effectively avert electronic complications at the cell surface, thus eliminating Light-Induced Degradation (LID) and Light and Elevated Temperature-Induced Degradation (LeTID). The Transparent Conductive Oxide (TCO) film layer, with its conductive attributes, inhibits surface polarization, inherently reducing the likelihood of Potential-Induced Degradation (PID) decay.
Over a span of 30 years, the power output of heterojunction modules is projected to degrade by no more than 12.6%. This ensures consistent power production throughout the operational lifespan of HJT solar panels, highlighting their longevity and efficiency in energy generation.
Full Black with No Colour Difference
The inherent features of HJT cell technology ensure uniform color consistency across both the front and back of HJT solar panels, providing a visually attractive and harmonious appearance. This uniformity makes them an ideal choice for full black solar panels, and they are also highly suitable for dark-colored roofs in Europe, due to their aesthetically pleasing and cohesive look.
High Reliability
HJT solar panels are designed for durability, featuring double-sided glass that is resistant to weather, corrosion, and wear, along with POE encapsulation. This robust construction comes with a dual guarantee, covering both the product and its performance for 30 years. The panels are manufactured using a low-temperature process and incorporate no-cut solar cell technology, which results in less damage to the cells, enhanced flexibility, fewer microcracks, and ease of transportation and installation. This combination of features ensures that HJT solar panels are not only reliable but also practical for various installation scenarios.
What are the Technical Advantages of HJT Compared to PERC and TOPCon?
In a comparative analysis of Heterojunction Technology (HJT), Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCon), and Passivated Emitter Rear Cell (PERC) solar panels, HJT showcases several technical benefits:
Bifaciality is a key strength for HJT panels, with a remarkable 95% efficiency, outperforming TOPCon at 85% and PERC at 70%. This enhanced bifaciality means superior absorption of sunlight from both sides, leading to increased energy capture.
Power generation efficiency is another domain where HJT stands out. It achieves an efficiency of 22.87%, higher than TOPCon's 22.28% and PERC's 21.2%. This indicates HJT's exceptional capability in converting sunlight into electricity, offering better performance overall.
HJT panels also exhibit lower initial power degradation, only 1% in the first year, compared to TOPCon’s 1.5% and PERC’s 2%. This highlights HJT’s improved initial power output stability.
From the second year onwards, HJT panels show an average yearly power degradation of just 0.35%, indicating greater long-term stability than TOPCon (0.4%) and PERC (0.45%).
In terms of temperature coefficient, HJT panels have a lower rate of -0.243%/°C, suggesting less sensitivity to temperature changes compared to TOPCon (-0.32%/°C) and PERC (-0.35%/°C). This attribute is crucial for consistent and reliable power generation under various environmental conditions.
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In What Scenarios are HJT Solar Panels More Suitable?
Heterojunction (HJT) solar panels offer exceptional suitability for a wide range of settings, encompassing agricultural photovoltaics, carport photovoltaics, rooftop photovoltaics, and other diverse applications.
Agricultural Photovoltaics: In agricultural photovoltaic settings, HJT panels excel with their high bifacial efficiency and superior low-light performance. They consistently generate electricity effectively across varying weather and light conditions. Their low-temperature coefficient is a boon in the often high-temperature daytime environments of agricultural areas, minimizing performance dips. Additionally, their resilience against PID and LID effects ensures long-lasting stability and reliability, ideal for agricultural needs where continuous power generation is crucial. These panels can also be integrated into agricultural structures like greenhouse tops and sheds, serving dual purposes of providing shade and generating clean energy.
Carport Photovoltaics: HJT panels are particularly effective in carport photovoltaic applications due to their remarkable bifacial efficiency and performance in low-light conditions. In environments like carports, where shading from nearby structures is common, HJT panels adeptly capture and utilize sunlight, maintaining efficient electricity generation even in partially shaded scenarios. Their ability to effectively use scattered and reflected light ensures robust electricity generation in urban settings like carports, making them a prime choice for maximizing solar energy in such environments.
Rooftop Photovoltaics: Demanding space efficiency and longevity, rooftop photovoltaics benefit greatly from the durability, high efficiency, and minimal degradation of HJT solar panels. They are resilient against various environmental stressors, including humidity and UV exposure, thus well-suited for areas with diverse weather patterns.
Regions with High Summer Temperatures (e.g., Southern Europe): HJT panels exhibit an advantageous temperature coefficient (around -0.24%/°C), ensuring less efficiency loss in hot climates compared to traditional solar panels, making them particularly apt for high-temperature regions.
Regions with Poor Lighting Conditions (e.g., Northern Europe): Known for outstanding low-light performance, HJT panels are highly effective even on overcast days, in the early mornings, and late afternoons, thanks to their high open-circuit voltage and efficient light absorption. Their bifacial design is particularly beneficial in snowy European environments, utilizing reflected light from the ground.
In summary, HJT solar panels are versatile and robust, catering to varied requirements in agriculture, carports, rooftops, and differing climatic and geographic conditions. They represent a flexible and efficient energy solution for a multitude of scenarios.
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