PV power generation employs solar light, and uses solar cells to convert light energy into electrical energy. PV power generation comprises three primary subsystems: PV array, DC-AC converter (inverter) and battery energy storage system.
PV Power Generation is a system that employs the photoelectric effect to turn energy from the sun into electricity. This technique is based on the action of the PV cell.
Using solar panels, it transfers light straight into DC power. Then, a converter turns this DC power into AC power. The grid or other sites that need power then utilize this AC power.
Specifically, the PV module is the main portion of the PV array, which comprises of several solar panels. When sunlight reaches a PV panel, the photons can excite electrons, generating an electric current.
The panels are connected by wires between the anode and cathode. They are assembled in series or parallel to make a PV array. The current is transferred to the inverter through a cable for conversion.
Inverters turn the direct current that a PV array creates into alternating current so that it can be used in a home, company, or the power grid. In some circumstances, the electrical energy generated by PV arrays needs to be stored in industrial stacks. So, PV panels are commonly linked with energy storage systems so that they can continue to provide power to the grid at night or when the weather is severe.
The major equipment required for PV power generating includes:
1. PV panels: transform sunlight efficiently into electricity.
2. Inverter: Converts DC power to AC power to fulfill interior power requirements.
3. Battery energy storage system: It can be selected according to actual needs to realize energy storage of PV power generation.
4. Bracket and frame: The support frame and support structure used to attach PV panels.
5. Cables and junction boxes: connect and transmit PV panels, inverters and battery energy storage systems.
To calculate PV power generation, we must include elements like the array's installed capacity, sunlight period, and temperature. The formula to calculate PV electricity generation is: PV power generation = installed capacity of PV array times total solar radiation times power generation efficiency of PV modules.
The entire amount of solar radiation can be determined according to geographical location__ and meteorological data. The power generation efficiency of PV modules depends on the design and quality of PV panels.
PV power generation is the total amount of electricity generated by a PV power plant, commonly measured in kilowatt-hours (kWh).
The basic formula for calculating PV power generation is:
PV power generation = installed capacity of PV panels × total solar radiation × power generation efficiency of PV modules
Here is an explanation of PV power generation:
Placed capacity of PV panels: the size of the PV panel placed in a PV power station, commonly measured in watts (W). For example, a 10 kilowatt PV power station is 10,000 watts.
Solar radiation intensity: The solar radiation intensity refers to the solar energy received per unit time per unit area. It is commonly stated as the solar energy collected per hour per unit area (kWh/m2/h). The intensity of solar radiation varies on parameters such as geographical location, season, weather and time.
Efficiency of PV modules: The efficiency of a PV module represents its ability to convert solar energy into electricity. The efficiency of a PV module is commonly stated as a percentage, showing the conversion of incident solar into energy. Different types of PV modules have different levels of efficiency, with typical efficiencies ranging between 15% and 20%.
Installed capacity of a PV system: The installed capacity of a PV system refers to the overall power of the solar panels installed in the system. It is commonly represented in kilowatts (kW) or megawatts (MW). The installed capacity relies on the number of PV panels and the wattage of each panel.
Power generation time: The power generation time refers to the time when the PV system really functions and generates electricity. It can be hours per day or hours per year, depending on your needs and ambitions. Generation times are affected by weather, season, system maintenance and cleaning, and other factors.
Considerations for the power generating formula include:
This formula is a simplified calculation method, only considering the basic factors. In real-world applications, things like the effect of temperature on PV panels, shading, angle of tilt, area use, and system losses need to be taken into account to get more accurate estimates of power production.
Example of power generation formula:
The installed capacity of a PV power station is 100 kilowatts, the average total solar radiation in this location is 1500 kWh/m2/year, and the power production efficiency of PV modules is 18%. Here's how to calculate out how much electricity it makes each year:
PV power generation = 100kW × 1500 kWh/m2/year × 18% = 27000 kWh/year
Therefore, this PV power plant will be able to create 27,000 kWh of electricity every year. The real power generation will be affected by conditions in actual operation, such as weather, temperature, loss, component age, etc.
As a photovoltaic module manufacturer with 15 years of professional expertise, Maysun Solar can provide you with high-quality solar panels. Click the button below to contact us and get a product quotation.
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